Quantum-Safe Blockchain Design Could Cut Fees and Network Bloat

Upgrading blockchains to post-quantum cryptography typically causes severe network congestion, high gas fees, and state bloat due to massive signature and zero-knowledge proof sizes. Compact Shielded client-side validation (CSV) solves this problem by removing signatures from the blockchain and shifting data storage and verification to end-user devices. For years, the cryptographic community has warned of an impending collision between quantum computing and blockchain technology . The math behind the threat is straightforward: public-key algorithms like ECDSA, which secure everything from bitcoin transactions to smart contracts, will no longer provide adequate security once quantum hardware matures. Yet the proposed cure has often seemed almost as dangerous as the disease.

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