OpenAI details Pando, a Git-compatible backend for Codex-scale development

OpenAI says it built Pando, a Git-compatible backend designed for the scale of development that Codex makes possible, to support work in its monorepo without changing existing Git workflows. The company said the system now powers development inside OpenAI and is intended to handle higher concurrency across branches. In its engineering article published on 2026-11-02, OpenAI said Pando has two principal goals: horizontally scalable writes across branches and high-throughput reads. The company said pushes to unrelated refs can proceed independently, while updates to an individual ref use an atomic compare-and-swap-like operation. OpenAI also said the system uses background compaction to combine small packfiles into progressively larger covers, using an approach similar to log-structured merge-trees. The company said it has used covers up to L4.

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