NASA Sent Thousands of Jellyfish to Space in 1991. The Babies Born Up There Couldn’t Handle Earth

NASA’s STS-40 Spacelab Life Sciences mission launched aboard Space Shuttle Columbia on June 5, 1991 carrying 2,478 immature moon jellyfish polyps, and by the time it landed nine days later the population had multiplied to nearly 60,000. Led by Eastern Virginia Medical School researcher Dorothy B. Spangenberg, the experiment found that jellyfish developed entirely in microgravity looked normal but struggled to orient in Earth’s gravity, with pulsing abnormalities about six times more common than Earth-grown controls. On 6/5/1991, Space Shuttle Columbia lifted off on STS-40, Spacelab Life Sciences-1, carrying an odd passenger list sealed in bags of artificial seawater: 2,478 immature moon jellyfish polyps. Under the watch of Eastern Virginia Medical School researcher Dorothy B.

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