Bitcoin Address Clustering Can Misread Mixed Transactions

Bitcoin address-clustering heuristics use transaction inputs and outputs to infer common ownership, but coinjoin transactions can undermine those assumptions and make resulting address groups unreliable. A common-input heuristic treats addresses that fund the same transaction as controlled by one entity. A coinjoin transaction can bring together inputs from multiple participants, so applying that rule to a mixed transaction can incorrectly group their addresses. Other methods try to identify the change address, which receives the unspent remainder after a payment.

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